To obtain the new securities issued as a result of a capital increase, shareholders can contact the Trading Floor Information Desk or the company’s Stock Department for guidance on the subscription process.
Asia Zarin Madan Company is committed to standing by your side and offering continuous support. We highly value clear and consistent communication with both our customers and partners. Our team is always available to address your inquiries, consider your suggestions, and respond promptly to your requests.You may contact us through the following channels:
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In the Stock Exchange FAQ section, you can find information about how to buy and sell shares, the schedule of general assembly meetings, how to receive dividends, and access the company’s financial and performance reports. It also provides answers to common questions about stock exchange regulations and ways to communicate with the shareholder services department. This section helps shareholders participate in the capital market more easily and with greater confidence.
A stock exchange is an organized and regulated marketplace where various financial instruments are traded. These markets provide a structured environment that ensures transparency, fairness, and efficiency in transactions.
There are several types of exchanges, including:
Stock Exchange – A market where shares of companies and other securities are bought and sold.
Commodity Exchange – A marketplace for trading raw materials and primary products such as metals, energy, and agricultural goods.
Foreign Exchange (Forex) Market – A global marketplace for trading currencies.
Derivatives Exchange – A market where financial contracts such as futures and options are traded, allowing participants to hedge risks or speculate on price movements.
A stock exchange is an organized and regulated marketplace where approved securities are traded between buyers and sellers according to established rules and procedures. It provides a structured environment that ensures fairness, transparency, and efficiency in financial transactions.
Stock trading on the exchange is carried out electronically through licensed brokers. Brokers enter buy and sell orders into the trading system on behalf of investors. Trading operates based on a double auction mechanism. In this system:
Buy orders are sorted from the highest to the lowest price.
Sell orders are sorted from the lowest to the highest price.
A transaction takes place when the highest bid matches the lowest ask at a given moment. This process ensures fair and efficient price discovery for all market participants.
A broker is a licensed financial intermediary—typically a company—that facilitates the buying and selling of securities on behalf of investors.
Brokerage licenses are issued to individuals who meet specific professional and ethical standards. These individuals must:
Have a relevant professional background,
Pass the required examinations,
Demonstrate integrity and trustworthiness, and
Meet the conditions for membership in the Association of Brokers,
Be admitted to the Stock Exchange, and
Obtain an operating license from the exchange, as required by the Securities Market Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Through these qualifications, brokers ensure that trading activities are conducted legally, transparently, and efficiently.
A trading code is a unique identifier assigned to each investor for conducting transactions in the stock exchange’s electronic trading system. This code is generated based on the investor’s personal information and typically consists of the first three letters of the investor’s last name followed by a five-digit number automatically assigned by the system.
Because all buy and sell orders must be submitted using a valid trading code, obtaining one is a mandatory first step for anyone wishing to trade securities. Investors can obtain their trading code through a licensed broker by providing identification documents such as a national ID card and social security number.
For legal entities (such as companies), obtaining a trading code requires submitting corporate documents, including the company’s articles of association and the relevant notices published in the Official Gazette.
When shareholders buy or sell securities on the stock exchange, they incur certain trading costs. These costs generally include:
Brokerage Commission: A fee paid to the broker for executing buy or sell orders. The rate is set within the limits approved by regulatory authorities.
Stock Exchange Fees: Charges collected by the stock exchange for facilitating transactions.
Regulatory and Supervision Fees: Small fees paid to regulatory bodies responsible for overseeing market activity and ensuring transparency and fairness.
Clearing and Settlement Fees: Fees related to the processes of clearing and settling trades.
These costs are automatically deducted when a transaction is executed and are clearly shown on the investor’s trade confirmation or account statement.
The proceeds from selling stocks become available three business days after the transaction is completed. Business days include weekdays, excluding Thursdays and public holidays.
When does the buyer receive the stock certificate, and when can the shares be sold?
The certificate of transfer and deposit for purchased shares is ready for pickup at the brokerage one business day after the transaction.
The buyer may sell the purchased shares immediately after receiving this certificate.
Stock prices can change at any moment based on fluctuations in supply and demand. When the number of sellers of a particular stock exceeds the number of buyers—meaning the supply is greater than the demand—the price of that stock falls, and vice versa. Various theories have been developed to explain the behaviors that influence supply and demand in the market. In general, many analysts believe that a company’s stock price is shaped primarily by investors’ perception of its true or intrinsic value. A decline in stock price can therefore be triggered by a range of internal and external factors, including:
The company’s financial performance and outlook
Economic conditions at the global, national, or industry level
Political developments that affect business environments
Additionally, stock price declines often occur during dividend distributions or capital increases, and these decreases are completely natural. For example, when a company increases its capital, the number of shares held by each investor rises in line with the capital growth. This increase in the number of shares compensates, at least in part, for the resulting drop in share price.
A general meeting of a joint-stock company is a gathering of the company’s shareholders. The required quorum for holding the meeting and the number of votes needed to make decisions are specified in the company’s articles of association, except in cases where the law provides specific rules.
According to the Commercial Code, the general meetings of joint-stock companies are classified into three types:
Founding General Meeting
Ordinary General Meeting
Extraordinary General Meeting .
The Founding General Meeting has the following key responsibilities:
Review and approve the founders’ report and verify the subscription of all company shares, including confirmation that the required payments have been made.
Approve the company’s draft bylaws and, if necessary, make amendments.
Elect the first board of directors and the company’s auditor(s).
Designate an official newspaper of general circulation for publishing notices and information to shareholders until the first Annual General Meeting.
The Annual General Meeting (AGM) is held once a year at the time specified in the company’s bylaws. Its main purposes include:
Reviewing the company’s financial statements
Considering the reports of the directors and auditors
Deciding on the distribution of dividends and reserves among shareholders The AGM requires the presence of more than half of the shareholders, calculated in proportion to the number of shares they hold. Decisions are valid when more than half of the votes of attending shareholders are in favor. According to the Commercial Code, the AGM must be held within a maximum of four months after the end of the company’s fiscal year. Shareholders are notified of the meeting by publishing a notice in:
Widely circulated newspapers
The official website of the Securities Organization
The company’s own website The notice must be published at least 10 days and at most 40 days before the date of the meeting.
An Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) is convened to address special matters that cannot be resolved in an Ordinary General Meeting. These matters include:
Amending or changing the company’s articles of association
Increasing or decreasing the company’s capital
Dissolving the company The EGM requires the presence of shareholders holding more than half of the voting shares. Decisions are valid when approved by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast at the meeting.
What is a capital increase?
A capital increase occurs when a company requires additional financial resources to expand its operations. In such cases, the board of directors proposes a capital increase, which is then reviewed and approved by shareholders at an Extraordinary General Meeting to raise the company’s capital to the desired level.
Companies can increase their capital through three main methods: Companies can increase their capital through three main methods:
From retained earnings and development reserves (bonus shares): The company issues new shares to existing shareholders without requiring any payment.
From cash contributions and receivables (pre-emptive rights): The company sells the new shares to shareholders at the par value (e.g., 1,000 rials per share). From share premium: New shares resulting from the capital increase are offered to applicants at the market price by canceling the shareholders’ warrants.
Each method allows the company to raise funds or reallocate internal reserves while providing shareholders the opportunity to maintain or adjust their ownership stakes.
A capital increase is allocated to shareholders who own the company’s shares on the date when the Extraordinary General Meeting’s resolution on the capital increase is implemented.
To obtain the new securities issued as a result of a capital increase, shareholders can contact the Trading Floor Information Desk or the company’s Stock Department for guidance on the subscription process.
